ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: Schistosomiasis has a wide geographical distribution, and is found in many countries including Brazil, where it is endemic in some states. This study aimed to describe the main pathogenic aspects of the Homo sapiens sapiens / Shistosoma mansoni interaction, focusing on the acute phase of illness. Accordingly, we reviewed the literature using a with a defined search strategy, using PubMed. The selected papers were read and the information organized into two sections, focusing on (1) the pathophysiological human-helminth interaction "cycle" and (2) the role of granuloma in the disease. Content: The pathologic process begins with the penetration of the cercariae into the skin, from which point the response mechanisms to infection are triggered - linked to the biological cycle of the helminth in the human body - and justifying the development of acute and chronic forms of the disease. The acute phase is characterized by the formation of necrotic-exudative granulomas around the eggs. Continuous oviposition allows for modulation of the immune response, the histopathological significance of which is the disappearance of the necrotic areas and size reduction of the granulomas surrounding the eggs. Conclusion: An understanding of the Homo sapiens sapiens/Schistosoma mansoni interaction is essential in order to think of ways to intervene with the natural history of the disease, avoiding the emergence of severe forms - especially in the context of evolution to chronic disease -, and, perhaps, corroborating for a better coexistence between man and helminth, in the best spirit of cohabitology...
Subject(s)
Humans , Schistosomiasis mansoni , PathologyABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A tosse persistente representa uma condição comum e causa frequente de procura por atendimento médico, podendo alterar a rotina diária do paciente afetado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta clínica e laboratorial à terapia de tosse persistente, utilizando uma combinação de eucaliptol, gomenol, guaifenesina, cansilato de sódio e cloridrato de lidocaína.MÉTODO: Foram obtidos dados referentes a 60 pacientes atendidos no Serviço de Pneumologia do Hospital das Clínicas de Teresópolis Constantino Otaviano, incluindo informações demográficas, resultados de exames físicos, laboratoriais e de espirometria, avaliações do médico e do paciente, bem como uma avaliação através do Cough-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (CQLQ) que foram analisadas antes, durante e após sete dias de terapia. RESULTADOS: Não houve alterações clinicamente significativas nos exames físicos. Os exames laboratoriais e testes de espirometria permaneceram dentro das respectivas faixas de normalidade e nenhuma diferença significativa nos valores entre as avaliações foi observada. Vinte e nove eventos adversos foram registrados em 22 pacientes, todos com gravidade leve a moderada. As pontuações das avaliações de condição geral do médico e do paciente melhoraram significativamente na Avaliação 3 em relação à Avaliação 1 (Qui-quadrado = 121,1; GL= 16; p < 0,0001, e Qui-quadrado = 61,86; GL = 16; p < 0,0001, respectivamente). As pontuações no CQLQ da Avaliação 3 melhoraram de forma significativa em relação às da Avaliação 1 (t = 6,746; GL = 58; p < 0,0001), indicando melhora substancial na qualidade de vida.CONCLUSÃO: Com base nos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a combinação de eucaliptol, gomenol, guaifenesina, cansilato de sódio e cloridrato de lidocaína foi segura e eficaz em pacientes com processos pulmonares produtivos acompanhados de tosse, com impacto positivo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes tratados.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Persistent cough represents a common ailment for which medical attention is often sought, and may cause significant disruption of the affected patient's routine. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical and laboratory response to persistent cough therapy using a combination of eucalyptol, gomenol, guaifenesin, sodium camsilate, and lidocaine hydrochloride. METHOD: We collected data from 60 patients attended at the Pneumology Service of the Hospital de Clínicas de Teresópolis Constantino Otaviano, including demographic information, physical exams, laboratory, and spirometry exam results, physician and patient evaluations, and a quality-of-life assessment (CQLQ) which were analyzed before, during, and after seven days of therapy. RESULTS: There were no clinically significant changes regarding physical exams. Laboratory exams and spirometry tests remained within the respective normal ranges, and no statistically significant difference in values among study assessments was observed. Twenty-nine adverse events were recorded among 22 patients, all of which were mild to moderate in severity. The scores of the physician and patient evaluation of overall condition improved significantly in Assessment 3 in relation to Assessment 1 (Chi-square = 61.86; Degree of Freedom = 16; p < 0.0001 and Chi-square = 121.1; DF= 16; p < 0.0001, respectively). CQLQ total scores from Assessment 3 improved significantly in relation to those of Assessment 1 (t = 6.746; DF = 58; p < 0.0001), indicating a substantial improvement in quality-of-life. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this analysis, we conclude that the combination of eucalyptol, gomenol, guaifenesin, sodium camsilate, and lidocaine hydrochloride, was safe and effective in patients with productive pulmonary processes accompanied by cough, positively impacting quality-of-life of the treated patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Cough , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
We evaluated the use of a combination of menthol, guaiacol, terpineol, eucalyptol, gomenol, and camphor injection in patients presenting persistent cough who were submitted to a 7-day treatment regimen with daily doses of the medication and a series of clinical and laboratory evaluations, including a quality-of-life questionnaire, spirometry, and assessments of overall condition by the patient and the physician, performed prior to the first dose of medication, after three days of treatment, and at the end of the 7-day treatment period. The use of concomitant medications and the incidence, severity and duration of adverse events were also evaluated. A total of sixty-one patients were included in the study. There were no clinically significant changes in vital signs, laboratory tests, or spirometry throughout the treatment period. A statistically significant improvement (p<0.0001) in the assessments of overall condition by the patient and physician was observed, and there was a statistically significant improvement in the scores of the quality-of-life questionnaire (p<0.0001). While adverse events were recorded, none were serious and all were resolved by the end of the treatment period. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that the combination of menthol, guaiacol, terpineol, eucalyptol, gomenol, and camphor in the form of an intramuscular injection was safe and effective ameliorating the effects of persistent cough in the quality of life of the patient population evaluated.